Recursos psicossociais do idoso para reabilitar marcha e dignidade do autocuidado após fratura de fêmur / Psychosocial resources of the elderly to rehabilitate gait and dignity of self-care after femur fracture

Objetivos: compreender a experiência do idoso no restabelecimento da marcha após cirurgia de fratura de fêmur por queda e elaborar modelo teórico que a represente. Método: pesquisa qualitativa na abordagem da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, com saturação teórica, mediante a análise da transcrição da nona entrevista não diretiva audiogravada, com idosos que vivenciaram a experiência. CAAE 021.0.063.000-10. Resultados: emergiram três subprocessos: sentindo-se desafiado a recuperar a dignidade de desenvolver o autocuidado em situação de risco; perseverando em recursos psicossociais para reabilitar marcha ameaçada; resgatando a autoconfiança para deambular. Do realinhamento desses subprocessos, abstraiu-se a categoria central (processo), recursos psicossociais do idoso para reabilitar marcha e dignidade do autocuidado após fratura de fêmur. Conclusão: o modelo teórico emerso sinaliza a dignidade humana do autocuidado como preceito moral do idoso e ordenador no resgate da autoconfiança, perante as ameaças à reabilitação da marcha, apoiado em seus recursos psicossociais (família, religiosidade e reminiscência).(AU)

Objectives: to understand the experience of the elderly in reestablishing gait after surgery for a femur fracture due to a fall and to develop a theoretical model that represents it. Method: qualitative research in the Grounded Theory approach, with theoretical saturation, through the analysis of the transcription of the ninth audio-recorded non-directive interview, with elderly people who lived through the experience. CAAE 021.0.063.000-10. Results: three sub-processes emerged: feeling challenged to recover the dignity of developing self-care in a situation of risk; persevering in psychosocial resources to rehabilitate threatened gait; rescuing self-confidence to wander. From the realignment of these sub-processes, the central category (process), psychosocial resources of the elderly to rehabilitate gait and dignity of self-care after femur fracture was abstracted. Conclusion: the theoretical model emerged signals the human dignity of self-care as a moral precept of the elderly and ordering the recovery of self-confidence, in the face of threats to gait rehabilitation, supported by their psychosocial resources (family, religiosity and reminiscence).(AU)

Objetivos: comprender la vivencia de los ancianos en el restablecimiento de la marcha después de cirugía de fractura de fémur por caída y elaborar un modelo teórico que la represente. Método: investigación cualitativa en el abordaje de la Teoría Fundamentada, con saturación teórica, a través del análisis de la transcripción de la novena entrevista audio-grabada no directiva con ancianos que vivieron la experiencia. CAAE 021.0.063.000-10. Resultados: emergieron tres subprocesos: sentirse desafiado a recuperar la dignidad para desarrollar el autocuidado en una situación de riesgo; perseverar en los recursos psicosociales para rehabilitar la marcha amenazada; recuperar la confianza en sí mismo para deambular. A partir de la realineación de estos subprocesos, se abstrajo la categoría central (proceso), recursos psicosociales de los ancianos para rehabilitar la marcha y la dignidad del autocuidado después de la fractura de fémur. Conclusión: o modelo teórico emerso sinaliza a dignidade humana do autocuidado como preceito moral do idoso e ordenador no resgate da autoconfiança, perante as ameaças à reabilitação da marcha, apoiado em seus recursos psicossociais (família, religiosidade e reminiscência).(AU)

Management of Bone Failure in Fracture of the Distal Region of the Femur Using the Masquelet Technique with Fibula Graft Associated with Iliac-Crest Graft: Report of Two Cases / Manejo de falha óssea em fratura da região distal do fêmur pela técnica de Masquelet com enxerto de fíbula associado a enxerto de crista ilíaca: Relato de dois casos

Abstract Two cases of bone failure after fracture of the distal region of the femur treated with the Masquelet technique are presented. The first case involves acute bone loss, and the second, pseudarthrosis. The proper management of these lesions led to consolidation and a good functional result.

Resumo Dois casos de falha óssea após fratura da região distal do fêmur tratados pela técnica de Masquelet são apresentados. O primeiro caso envolve uma perda óssea aguda, e o segundo, uma pseudoartrose. O manejo adequado dessas lesões levou à consolidação e a um bom resultado funcional.

Paediatric Femur Fractures Treated by Ender抯 Nail � A Prospective Study of 15 Cases

Background : The most common major Paediatric injuries treated by Orthopaedic Surgeons are Femoral Shaft Fractures. Early reduction and hip spica are used to treat young children under five years old, whereas intramedullary interlocking nail is used to treat young teenagers over 15 years old. Objectives : To know prevalence of Femoral Fractures in paediatric age groups, to classify fracture type, mode of injury, course of healing and to evaluate the result of low cost-least invasive Ender抯 Nail Fixation in Paediatric patients in developing country. Materials and Methods : It is prospective study with 15 patients of 6-15 years age group with Femur Diaphyseal Fracture were treated with retrograde Ender抯 Nail in our Orthopaedic Department with minimum 6 months follow up. Fracture location was in the upper third of the femur in four cases (26.66%), mid shaft in nine (60%) and (13.34%) lower third in two. Results : All patients had union within an average of twelve weeks (8 to 16 weeks ). Skin irritation caused by a nail was found in one case. Twelve patients achieved excellent results, while three individuals good results, according to Flynn criteria. Conclusion : Enders nailing is recommended for Femoral Diaphyseal Fracture Fixation because it is safe, simple to apply and economical with a lower rate of complications.

Analysis of risk factors of perioperative blood transfusion in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with proximal femoral nail antirotation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influencing factors of perioperative blood transfusion in the treatment of elderly femoral intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 109 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures who received PFNA treatment from July 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Both pelvic hip X-rays and CT plain scans were performed before surgery. All patients were diagnosed by X-ray and CT plain scan of pelvis and hip before operation. Through the statistical analysis of the basic data of patients before and during operation, the risk factors of perioperative blood transfusion were explored.@*RESULTS@#Logistic regression analysis showed that age (@*CONCLUSION@#Age, fracture type, diabetes history, and preoperative hemoglobin are independent risk factors for perioperative blood transfusion in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fractures with PFNA. The older the patient, the history of diabetes, the more unstable the fracture, and the lower preoperative hemoglobin, the more likely it is to require a blood transfusion, which may provide a reference for clinical perioperative blood transfusion decisions.

Comparison of functional outcomes among subtypes of Fraser's type Ⅱ floating knee / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The poor prognosis in patients with floating knee injuries is mainly contributed to articular involvement (Fraser's type Ⅱ). This study aims to evaluate and compare the functional outcomes among different Fraser's type Ⅱ floating knee injuries after surgical management.@*METHODS@#Twenty-seven patients with Fraser's type Ⅱ floating knee injuries (54 fractures) between September 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled prospectively in this study and were distributed according to Fraser's floating knee classification into three different groups as type ⅡA (ipsilateral femoral shaft and tibial intra-articular involvement, n = 11), type ⅡB (ipsilateral tibial shaft and femoral intra-articular involvement, n = 9) and type ⅡC (both femoral and tibial intra-articular involvement, n = 7). The differences among the groups were evaluated and compared. The functional outcomes of these injuries at one year were analyzed using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) which covers 5 subscales of pain, other symptoms, activities of daily living, sports and recreation, and quality of life. The result was also compared with standardized age-sex matched healthy population using paired samples t-test.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were male, and the injury mechanism was solely roadside accident. The mean age was 29.8 years and injury severity score 17.9 (comparable in all the three groups). Most injuries were observed on the right side (20 cases, 74.1%). Based on paired samples t-test, the KOOS score of patients with Fraser's type ⅡA was found to be better than that of type ⅡB and type ⅡC. Compared with the reference age-sex matched control group, patients with Fraser's type ⅡB and ⅡC fractures had significantly lower mean score in all KOOS subscales (all p < 0.01). However, Fraser's type ⅡA only revealed significant difference regarding the subscales of activities of daily living (p < 0.0001), sports and recreation (p < 0.0001), and quality of life (p < 0.0001).@*CONCLUSION@#The results of this study show that patients with Fraser's type ⅡA fractures had a better functional outcome as compared to those with type ⅡB and ⅡC fractures. This might be due to the open intra-articular involvement of the distal femur of the latter two fracture types.

Comparative Evaluation of Femoral Nerve Block & Intravenous Fentanly for Positioning During Spinal Anesthesia in Surgery of Femur Fractures

Introduction: Femur fractures configure an important publichealth issue and are associated with high mortality taxes andlose of functionality. Study aimed to compare the analgesiceffects of FNB with intravenous (IV) fentanyl prior topositioning for spinal block in patients with fractured femur.Material and Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for fracturedfemur surgery under spinal block. They were grouped as FNBgroup (n=30) and a fentanyl group (n=30). A spinal block wasperformed. Pain scores 15 minutes after analgesia and duringpositioning were recorded. A numeric rating pain scale (0 =no pain, 10 = maximal pain) was used. Additional fentanylrequirement during positioning and satisfaction with patientposition maintained for spinal block (yes = satisfactory, no =not satisfactory) were also recorded.Results: Base line values for Heart Rate (HR), Mean ArterialPressure (MAP) and type of surgery were comparable inboth the groups. We found an insignificant difference in HR(P>0.001) among the groups and a significantly lower MAPin FENT group (P = 0.0090). SpO2 was significantly lower inFENT group (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Femoral nerve block lowers pain and the needfor supplementary analgesia requirement

Proximal femoral Nailing in Peritrochanteric Fractures without using fixed traction

Unstable trochanteric fractures have been increasing in incidence due to the longer life span and low bone density in elderly resulting in these common fractures. Proximal femoral nailing in these fractures has produced good results. The use of fracture table has resulted in complications in the post operative period. We have compared 20 patients who had undergone fixation either with fracture table or without fracture table. Our results, shows similar findings in fracture reduction and clinical outcome in both groups but there was statistically significant reduction in operation time, blood loss and post operative complications in these patients treated without a fracture table. This study gives us a safe and reliable technique for fixation of unstable trochanteric fractures

Management of Fracture Distal Femur Using Retrograde Supracondylar Nail: A Prospective Analysis at a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: In the past two decades, the open reduction andinternal fixation has gained good result in the management ofdistal femur fractures. The present study has been undertakento evaluate the overall functional outcome of patients treatedby supracondylar nail.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted atDepartment of Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer MedicalCollege and Research Centre, Moradabad, UP, India. All thepatients admitted in the department of Orthopaedics withfracture distal femur and managed by intramedullarysupracondylar nail were included. Final assessment of resultswas done based on modified Mehrotra's grading based on theassessment of the final functional results and also taking intoconsideration, the complications if any.Results: Average duration between injury and surgery was3.38 days. In only 8% of the cases open reduction by additionalparapatellar incision was required. Average duration of surgerywas 52.6 minutes. Most common complication we encounteredwas knee stiffness in 16 cases followed by local symptom atdistal screw site in 12 cases. Superficial infection was seen in 9& deep infection in 2 cases. In 2 cases shortening was morethan 2.5 cm. Average range of movement at the knee joint inour series was 110.93 with 40 cases having full range ofmovement. Final results were excellent in 61 of the cases.Good in 23% Fair in 11%, Poor in 5%.Conclusion: Finally we conclude that intramedullarysupracondylar nail should be the treatment of choice for distalfemoral fractures. As it has all the advantages of closedtreatment like minimal blood loss, less soft tissue stripping,preservation of fracture haematoma and minimalcomplications. This operation is particularly suited for Type A,C1 & C2 types of fractures as shown by the final functionalresults of this study.

Treatment Of Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures With Proximal Femoral Nails: A Prospective Study

Introduction: Present study was conducted to study the modes of injury in Subtrochanteric fractures of femur and to know the outcome of Proximal Femoral Nail in the treatment of Subtrochanteric fractures of femur. Material & Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on a total of 30 cases of subtrochanteric fractures of femur. All patients were radiographed at an interval of 6 weeks after nailing, till evidence of union. The patient followed up for one year after the surgery at regular interval. Clinically, union of fracture was assessed and also examination for shortening and deformity was done. Functional outcome was assessed based on Modified Harris Hip Score. Results: Out of 30 cases, 24 cases gave history of road traffic accidents and 6 cases gave history of slip and fall. Full range of flexion of hip at 12 weeks post–operative was observed in 80% of cases and about 20% of patients showed minimally limited flexion. On a whole, all the patients had a satisfactory range of movements post operatively. Our study showed 80% of patients showed full range of movements and 20% showed minimally limited movements at 12 weeks post–operative. On a whole the range of knee movements was satisfactory. Conclusion: Proximal Femoral Nail is a relatively easy procedure and a biomechanically stable construct allows early weight beå. It offers the advantages of high rotational stability of the head–neck fragment, an unreamed implantation technique and the possibility of static or dynamic distal locking. Thus, the Proximal Femoral Nail is a suitable implant for treatment of all Subtrochanteric fractures

Adherencia a las guías internacionales de tromboprofilaxis en pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica mayor en Colombia: Resultados del Registro DEIMOS / Adherence to the international thromboprophylaxis guidelines in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery in Colombia: Results of the DEIMOS registry

Introducción A pesar de que la implementación de guías de práctica clínica se relaciona con la disminución en la incidencia de eventos tromboembólicos pacientes sometidos a cirugía ortopédica mayor (COM), la adherencia a la tromboprofilaxis sigue siendo baja. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la adherencia a la 8ª edición de las guías de American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) en Colombia. Materiales y métodos Se presentan los resultados del registro DEIMOS para Colombia. Este estudio longitudinal, multicéntrico, multinacional evaluó la adherencia a las recomendaciones de tromboprofilaxis intrahospitalaria y extendida de la 8ª edición de las guías ACCP después de COM, mediante un seguimiento realizado entre 4 y 6 semanas postoperatorias. Resultados De los 244 pacientes incluidos en el registro DEIMOS para Colombia, 240 completaron el seguimiento: 108 pacientes de reemplazo total de rodilla (RTR), 77 de reemplazo total de cadera (RTC) y 59 de cirugía por fractura de cadera (FC). La adherencia intrahospitalaria fue de 80.5% (IC 95%: 71.7-89.4) para RTC, 82.4% (IC 95%: 75-2-89-6) para RTR y 94.9% (IC 95%: 89.3-100.0) para FC. La adherencia extendida fue de 75.3% (IC 95%: 65.7-85-0) para RTC, 73.1% (IC 95%: 64.8-81.5) para RTR y 93.2% (IC 95%: 86.8-99.6) para FC. Discusión El registro DEIMOS para Colombia evidencia una adecuada adherencia a la tromboprofilaxis después de cirugía por FC. Sin embargo, la adherencia al régimen extendido después de RTC y RTR es baja. Es necesario implementar esfuerzos adicionales para mejorar la protección de estos pacientes después del alta hospitalaria.

Background Patients who undergo major orthopaedic surgery have an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). International guidelines recommendations for VTE prevention have shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of thromboembolic events, but compliance to these recommendations is still low. The purpose of the present study is to report the adherence to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines 2008 in Colombia. Material and methods A report is presented on the Colombian results for the DEIMOS registry. This is a multinational, multicentre, observational, longitudinal study. Twenty orthopaedic wards were asked to include consecutive patients who were admitted for major orthopaedic surgery. Patient demographics, surgical information, type of anaesthesia and VTE prophylaxis were prospectively recorded, and the use of VTE prevention methods was assessed during the following visits. Adherence to the 2008 ACCP guidelines was then determined. Results A total of 244 patients were included in Colombia, and 240 of them had a complete follow-up. The analysis included 108 total knee arthroplasties, 77 hip replacements and 59 hip fracture surgeries. Adherence to 2008 ACCP guidelines for in-hospital prophylaxis was 80.5% (95% CI; 71.7-89.4) for hip arthroplasty, 82.4% (95% CI; 75.2-89.6) for knee arthroplasty, and 94.9% CI; 89.3-100.0) for hip fracture surgeries. Adherence for extended prophylaxis was 75.3% (95% CI; 65.7-85.0) for hip arthroplasties, 73.1% (95% CI; 64.8-81.5) for knee arthroplasties, and 93.2% (95% CI; 86.8-99.6) for hip fracture surgery. Discussion The DEIMOS registry reports good compliance to VTE prophylaxis guidelines after hip fracture surgery in Colombia. However, adherence to extended prophylaxis guidelines is still low after total hip and knee arthroplasties. Efforts should be made to improve the protection of these patients after hospital discharge.

Comparative Study Of Pain Relief Between Using Traction And Pillow Support In Proximal Femur Fractures

INTRODUCTION: There is always confusion regarding preoperative stabilization modality for proximal femur fractures to achieve pain relief. Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the effects of skeletal traction and pillow support on pain in patients with proximal femur fractures. Patients and Methods: A total of 50 patients contributed in this randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly allotted into two equal groups: the skeletal traction and pillow support groups. The severity of pain was recorded at admission and 30 minutes, 24, 48 hours after traction/pillow support application using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The severity of pain was significantly decreased in skeletal traction group and pillow support group only at the end of the first day after traction application. The number of pain complaints which needs analgesics was the same between the two groups. Conclusions: even though skeletal traction and pillow support had no effect on analgesic consumption, both have significantly decreased the pain at the end of the first day. The application of skeletal traction and pillow support both are recommended in patients with proximal femur fractures.

Clinical efficacy of bone transport technique in treatment of large segment infective nonunion of femoral shaft / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of bone transport technique in the treatment of large segment infective nonunion of femoral shaft.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 33 patients with large segment infective nonunion of femoral shaft admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2012 to October 2015.There were 25 males and eight females,aged 19-58 years (mean,34.6 years).In terms of the initial injury,23 patients were with open fracture and 10 with closed fracture.All patients previously received 1-9 times of operation,with an average of 2.3 times.The duration from injury to operation ranged from 7-60 months,with an average of 34 months.All patients underwent treatment with bone transport technique.After thorough debridement,the length of femoral defect ranged from 6 cm to 18 ema,with an average of 10.5 cm.The single arm limb reconstruction external fixator was placed on the lateral side of the femur under C-ann X-ray fluoroscopy.The wound healing,bone healing time,external fixation index (EFI),and complications were recorded.The function of the affected limb was evaluated using the modified criteria of Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI).Results All patients were followed up for 21-53 months (average,38.5 months).Femoral defects were completely repaired,with no recurrent infection reported.Bone healing time ranged from 8 months to 25 months (average,13 months).The external fixation index (EFI) ranged from 1.13 months/cm to 1.83 months/cm,with an average of 1.26 months/cm.The infection rate of the nail tract was 55％ (18/33).There were 12 patients with Type A,five with Type B,and one with Type C.The function of the affected limb was graded as excellent in 18 patients,good in six,fair in five,and poor in four,with an excellent and good rate of 73％ (24/33).Conclusions In the treatment of large segment infective nonunion of femoral shaft,bone transport technique can eontrol the infection,promote defect repair,and restore the function of affected limbs.

Bilateral Proximal Femur Fractures in a Patient with Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Case Report

@#The diagnosis of pathological fractures is on the rise. Themorbidity involved does not only burden the patient and theirfamilies but it has a great toll on the healthcare system aswell. Early identification of the patient at risk is aninvaluable tool to cut cost and improve the patient’s qualityof life. Multiple renal pathologies have been highlighted inrelation to the risk of pathological fractures; however,complications in renal tubular acidosis have been rarelydocumented. Nevertheless, prompt action with adequate andrelevant patient education ultimately can reduce theassociated morbidity. We present a case of poor control ofthe disease and its debilitating pathological fracturecomplications.

A comparative study in patients with fractures of the lower limbs between rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin and its impact on bone healing time / Estudio comparativo en pacientes con fracturas de extremidades inferiores entre rivaroxaban versus enoxaparina como terapia profiláctica antitrombótica y su impacto en el tiempo de consolidación

Abstract: Background: Each year it is estimated in the United States an approximate of 8 million fractures; 5 to 10% develop delayed union or absence of periosteal new bone. There are several factors that can cause delay in fracture healing, among the well known, is the use of prophylactic antithrombotic therapy for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT appears in 40 to 60% of the patients undergoing orthopedic surgery without prophylactic antithrombotic therapy. The goal of this study was to assess whether there is a difference in time of bone healing in lower limb fractures (femur and tibia) comparing rivaroxaban to enoxaparin as the prophylactic antithrombotic management. Material and methods: We present a retrospective observational and analytic study in a sample of cases. It is a cross-sectional study with patient data from the database of the American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center. We included patients with femur and tibia fractures under antithrombotic prophylactic management with rivaroxaban or enoxaparin during the period of January 2011 to December 2012. Our sample included 32 patients separated into two groups. Student's t-test was used for comparing parametric variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric variables. Linear regression model was preformed considering the variables related to the time it took the fracture to heal. Results: All fractures consolidated in a time of 13 and 14 weeks for rivaroxaban and enoxaparin respectively (p = 0.67). Discussion: We found no difference in bone healing time for lower limb fractures in patients receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis treatment comparing rivaroxaban with enoxaparin.

Resumen: Antecedentes: En Estados Unidos se presentan aproximadamente ocho millones de fracturas anuales y de ellas entre cinco y 10% desarrollan retraso o ausencia en la consolidación ósea. Existen diferentes factores bien conocidos que promueven este retraso, entre los cuales se encuentra el uso de los antitrombóticos como terapia profiláctica de la trombosis venosa profunda, la cual aparece de 40 a 60% en pacientes que no los utilizan y son sometidos a cirugías ortopédicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si existe diferencia en el tiempo de consolidación de las fracturas de los huesos de las extremidades pélvicas (fémur y tibia) en pacientes sometidos a terapia profiláctica antitrombótica comparando rivaroxabán con enoxaparina. Material y métodos: Presentamos un estudio descriptivo y analítico con muestreo a conveniencia de casos retrospectivos. Es un estudio transversal con datos recolectivos. Se revisó la base de datos del Centro Médico ABC y se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de fracturas de fémur y tibia sometidos a manejo profiláctico antitrombótico con rivaroxabán o enoxaparina durante el periodo de Enero 2011 a Diciembre de 2012. La muestra total se constituyó de 32 pacientes divididos en dos grupos. Se utilizó la prueba T de Student para comparar variables paramétricas y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para las no-paramétricas. Se realizó un modelo de regresión lineal considerando las variables relacionadas con el tiempo de consolidación ósea. Resultados: Todas las fracturas consolidaron, presentando un tiempo de 13 semanas con rivaroxabán y de 14 semanas (p = 0.67) con enoxaparina. Discusión: No encontramos diferencia en el tiempo de consolidación de las fracturas de los huesos de las extremidades pélvicas (fémur y tibia) en pacientes que reciben antitrombóticos como profilaxis comparando rivaroxabán con enoxaparina.

Impact of Blood-activating and Qi-nourishing Therapy on Hypercoagulable State of Rats After Femur Fracture / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To explore the impact of blood-activatingand qi-nourishing therapy on the hypercoagulable state of rats after femur fracture.Methods One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,namely normal group,model group,low-molecular-weight heparin(LMWH) group,combination group (LMWH + Tongmai Decoction),30 rats in each group.The rat model of femur fracture was established.After successful modeling,LMWH group was given subcutaneous injection of LMWH 600 U/kg,and the combination group was given subcutaneous injection of LMWH 600 U/kg together with gastric gavage of Tongmai Decoction,the model group was given subcutaneous injection of the same volume of normal saline.The treatment lasted for 1-7 days after the surgery.The pathologic features of the left great saphenous vein were observed by HE staining method,and the relative volume,thickness and quantity of the blood vessels were also measured.The plasma D-dimer (D-D) and fibrinogen (FIB) levels were determined by biochemical analyzer,and the plasma levels of whole blood viscosity at low shear rate (WBV-lsr) and whole blood viscosity at high shear rate (WBV-hsr) were measured with hemodynamic detector.Results On day 7 after the modeling,less endothelium cells,agglomerative red cells,and large thrombi were found in the great saphenous vein tissue section of the model group under microscope.Compared with the normal group,the levels of D-D,FIB,WBV-lsr and WBV-hsr in the model group at various time points were increased,the difference being significant (P ＜ 0.05).After 7-day treatment,the levels of D-D,FIB,WBV-lsr and WBV-hsr in LMWH group and combination group were lower than those of the odel group,and the decrease in the combination group was superior to LMWH group(P ＜ 0.05).The blood vessel endothelium cells in the combination group were arranged neatly with same cellular width while without enlargement or swelling,the effect being superior to that of LMWH group.Conclusion Blood-activating and Qi-nourishing therapy can effectively relieve hypercoagulable state of rats after femur fracture.

Fracturas alrededor de una osteosíntesis extramedular previa de fémur proximal: una solución simple para un problema complejo / Fractures around a previous proximal femur fixation: a simple solution to a complex problem

El número de fracturas de cadera en pacientes ancianos aumenta proporcionalmente al incremento de la expectativa de vida. Por lo tanto, no resulta infrecuente hallar una fractura de fémur, distal a un implante de osteosíntesis extramedular (clavo compresivo deslizante o clavo placa de ángulo fijo) previamente colocado en fracturas intertrocantérica o subtrocantérica de cadera, pese a la tasa de mortalidad anual comunicada del 30-50 % en los pacientes con fractura de cadera. Ante dicha situación, hemos utilizado un clavo endomedular retrógrado asociado a la extracción, de forma percutánea, de los tornillos del implante previo. Se presentan ocho casos de fracturas periosteosíntesis en pacientes con una edad promedio de 85.6 años (5 mujeres y 3 hombres) y un tiempo promedio desde la osteosíntesis de fémur proximal hasta la fractura periosteosíntesis de 3.5 años. El seguimiento fue de 36 meses y se evaluaron la movilidad y el dolor posoperatorios. Se logró la consolidación de la fractura en todos los casos. Dicho procedimiento nos ha resultado una técnica eficaz, se puede lograr una fijación estable sin agregar morbilidad debido a la posibilidad de solapar los dos implantes y disminuir el potencial riesgo de una nueva fractura interimplantes.

The number of hip fractures in the elderly elevates as life expectancy increases. Therefore it is not infrequent to observe a femur fracture, distal to a previous proximal femur fixation (dynamic hip screw or fixed angle plate) used in intertrochanteric femur fractures, despite the reported annual mortality rate of 30-50% in patients with a femoral fracture. Given this situation, we used a retrograde intramedullary nail together with the percutaneous removal of previously implanted screws. We present eight cases of peri-osteosynthesis fractures in patients with an average age of 85.6 years (5 women and 3 men) and an average time from the proximal femur fixation to the new fracture of 3.5 years. The follow-up was 36 months and postoperative motion and pain were evaluated. Consolidation of the fracture was achieved in all cases. We found this technique effective; it was possible to achieve a stable fixation without adding morbidity due to the possibility of overlapping two implants, thus reducing the potential risk of a new fracture between implants.

Breakage of a Lag Screw of Cephalomedullary Nail: A Technique of Removal

A broken lag screw of the cephalomedullary nail is a rare condition. Removal of the retained lag screw from the femoral head is also very challenging. This article describes a surgical technique and the modified instrument that was available in the operating room for removing the broken implant by closed technique.

The Outcome and Complications of the Locked Plating Management for the Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures after a Total Knee Arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: The osteosynthesis of the periprosthetic fractures following a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be technically difficult with the relatively small satisfactory outcomes and the high complication rates. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mid-term radiological and functional outcomes following the locked plating of the distal femur periprosthetic fractures after a TKA. METHODS: Records of 20 patients with a periprosthetic distal femur fracture following TKA treated by the locked plate osteosynthesis were retrospectively evaluated. The union rate, complications and functional outcome measures were analyzed. RESULTS: Successful union was achieved in 18 of the 19 patients available for the follow-up. The mean follow-up was 39 +/- 10 months. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the range of motion and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were evident in the follow-up. Secondary procedures were required in 5 patients to address the delay in union and the reduced knee range of motion. The osteosynthesis failed in 1 patient who underwent a revision TKA. CONCLUSIONS: The satisfactory union rates can be achieved with the locked plate osteosynthesis in the periprosthetic distal femur fractures after TKA. Prolonged rehabilitation coupled with the un-modifiable risk factors can decrease the activity and satisfaction levels, which can significantly alter the functional outcome.

Outcome of Traumatic Fractures of the Intracapsular Neck of the Femur Treated with Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Aged Above 60 Years

This study was undertaken to investigate the outcome of traumatic intracapsular neck of femur fractures treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients aged ? 60 years who underwent THA for traumatic intracapsular neck of femur fractures from January 2005 to March 2009 were included in the study. Telephone or personal interviews were conducted. There were 49 patients identified within the study period. The mean age was 74.12 years. Most patients were females (81.6%), with a male: female ratio of 1: 4.4. In total, 29 patients were available for outcome scoring. The one-month mortality rate was 4.1%, and the one-year mortality rate was 20.5%. Of the 29 patients 82.8% obtained a Zukerman Functional Outcome Score of good (80 ?100) and 13.8% obtained a score of fair (60 ?80). THA for the treatment of traumatic neck of femur fractures in elderly is a good option with 96.6% of patients obtaining a satisfactory functional outcome, with acceptable morbidity and mortality statistics.